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HomeConditionsDiabetic Retinopathy
Retinal

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. High blood sugar levels damage the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak fluid, swell, or close off entirely. In advanced stages, abnormal new blood vessels grow on the retinal surface, which can bleed and cause severe vision loss.

Symptoms

Blurred or fluctuating vision
Dark spots or floaters in vision
Difficulty seeing at night
Faded or washed-out color perception
Dark or empty areas in the visual field
Often asymptomatic in early stages

Risk Factors

Duration of diabetes (longer duration increases risk)
Poorly controlled blood sugar levels
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Pregnancy
Tobacco use

Causes

Prolonged high blood sugar damages the walls of the tiny blood vessels supplying the retina, causing them to leak, become blocked, or proliferate abnormally. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes can lead to retinopathy. The longer someone has diabetes and the less controlled their blood sugar, the higher the risk.

Treatment Approaches

Anti-VEGF Injections

Medications injected into the eye to reduce abnormal vessel growth and leakage, the current gold standard for diabetic macular edema.

Laser Photocoagulation

Retinal laser to seal leaking vessels (focal) or reduce ischemic retina (panretinal/PRP) to control proliferative disease.

Vitrectomy

Surgical removal of vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment in advanced proliferative disease.

Prevention & Care

Maintain good blood sugar control (HbA1c < 7%)
Control blood pressure and cholesterol
Annual dilated eye examination for all diabetics
Early detection and treatment prevent 95% of severe vision loss

Related Treatments

Retinal Lasers

Precise laser application to treat various retinal conditions without surgical intervention.

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Eye Injections

Direct delivery of medication near the retina for conditions where eye drops cannot reach.

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Vitrectomy

Advanced sutureless retinal surgery for conditions like retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage.

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Fundus Angiography

Specialized retinal vessel imaging using fluorescent dye injection and sequential photography.

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Early detection and expert care make all the difference. Book a consultation with Dr. Pawan Gupta today.

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